Item components go in the components object of an item file in the behavior pack: they decide what a custom item is and does. This list has all 44 of them in Minecraft 1.26.50.4.
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Component
minecraft:allow_off_handLets players hold this item in their off hand (the left hand slot).minecraft:block_placerMakes the item put a block in the world when the player uses it, like a seed or a sign item.minecraft:bundle_interactionGives the item bundle behavior: the special open and close controls and a tooltip showing what is inside.EXPminecraft:can_destroy_in_creativeControls whether a player in Creative mode can break blocks while holding this item.minecraft:compostableLets the item be put into a composter, with a chance to raise the compost level by one layer.minecraft:cooldownAdds a wait time after the item is used or swung.minecraft:damageAdds bonus attack damage when the item is used to hit a mob or player.minecraft:damage_absorptionLets armor take some kinds of damage instead of the wearer.minecraft:diggerMakes the item a mining tool by setting how fast it breaks chosen blocks.minecraft:display_nameSets the name players see for the item, for example in the tooltip and when they switch to it.minecraft:durabilityGives the item a health bar that goes down as it is used, until it breaks.minecraft:durability_sensorPlays particles or sounds when the item's durability drops below set levels, like a warning that it is about to break.minecraft:dyeableLets players color the item with dye, the same way leather armor can be dyed in a cauldron or crafting grid.minecraft:enchantableAllows the item to be enchanted and chooses which group of enchantments it accepts.minecraft:entity_placerMakes the item spawn an entity when used, like a spawn egg or a boat item.minecraft:fire_resistantKeeps the item safe from burning when it is dropped into fire or lava, like netherite.minecraft:foodMakes the item edible so it restores hunger when eaten.minecraft:fuelLets the item burn in a furnace, smoker or blast furnace to power smelting.minecraft:glintAdds the shiny purple shimmer that enchanted items have, even if the item has no enchantments.minecraft:hand_equippedMakes the item show in the hand the way tools and swords do: held upright instead of flat like a normal item.minecraft:hover_text_colorChanges the color of the item's name in its tooltip.minecraft:iconPicks the picture used for the item in the inventory, hotbar and other menus.minecraft:interact_buttonShows an action button on touch screens while the item is held.minecraft:kinetic_weaponMakes the item hurt mobs by charging at them, like a lance.minecraft:liquid_clippedLets the item target water and lava surfaces when used, instead of reaching through them.minecraft:max_stack_sizeSets how many of this item fit in one inventory slot.minecraft:piercing_weaponMakes an attack hit every mob in a straight line in front of the user, like a spear thrust.minecraft:projectileMarks the item as ammo that a shooter item (like a bow) can fire, and says which entity flies out.minecraft:raritySets how rare the item looks, which also sets the color of its name.minecraft:recordTurns the item into a music disc that plays a song when put into a jukebox.minecraft:repairableLists which items can fix this one in an anvil and how much durability each repair gives back.minecraft:shooterMakes the item a launcher, like a bow or crossbow, that fires ammo from the inventory.minecraft:should_despawnControls whether the item disappears after lying on the ground for a while (about 5 minutes).minecraft:stacked_by_dataDecides whether items with the same id but different data values are treated as different, so they do not stack or merge on the ground.minecraft:storage_itemLets the item carry other items inside it, like a bundle.EXPminecraft:storage_weight_limitSets how much total weight a storage item can hold.minecraft:storage_weight_modifierSets how much space this item takes up when put inside a storage item like a bundle.minecraft:swing_durationChanges how long the arm swing animation lasts when mining or attacking with the item.minecraft:swing_soundsReplaces the sounds played when the player swings this item at something.minecraft:tagsAdds tags to the item so recipes, scripts and other items can find it by group, for example "minecraft:is_sword".minecraft:throwableLets the player throw the item, like a snowball or egg.minecraft:use_animationPicks the animation the player shows while using the item, such as eating, drinking or drawing a bow.minecraft:use_modifiersControls holding the use button: how long one use takes and how slow the player walks meanwhile.minecraft:wearableLets the item be worn in an equipment slot, such as a helmet or boots.